“Go ahead and salivate!” — A Proven Method for Greek Vocabulary Study and Mastery

Here’s a proven method for vocabulary card creation, study and mastery. It’s based on the principle, familiar to some, called “conditioning” (“conditioned reflex”). In the 1890s Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov demonstrated a repetitive occurrence in the behavior of dogs when presented with food accompanied by an additional stimulus (e.g., ringing a bell). Each time the dogs were presented with food, evoking salivation, a bell was rung simultaneously. After numerous trials of food presentation, accompanied by a ringing bell, with consistent occurrences of salivation by the dogs, the trials were run the ringing without food being presented—yet the dogs continued to salivate in successive trials.

This same “conditioning” principle is very effective in producing consistent memory results when studying Greek vocabulary. Since most pre-printed vocabulary cards only include the Greek word on the front of the card with the corresponding definition on the back, it’s important to create your own vocabulary cards with an important addition. Even if you use pre-printed cards, adding this additional information is critically important. “What is the additional information?” you may ask.  It is simply this: Write the Greek vocabulary word (learning occurs here, too) not only on the front of the vocabulary card, but also on the back of the card—with the definition immediately under it. In this way, you are associating the original Greek word (i.e., the “bell”) with its definition (i.e., the “food”), so that, when you turn the card over to the front side, even though it’s not really there, after repetitive viewings you will actually “see” the definition under the Greek word on the front side of the card as well!  In a sense, you can “salivate” all the way through your study of frequently used New Testament Greek vocabulary in gaining a mastery of those words. Try it; it really does work!!


picture-3.png FRONT of  Card (click to enlarge)
BACK of Card (click to enlarge)

Go to: Wermuth’s GREEKBOOK.com

Wermuth’s GREEKBOOK Now Available for Purchase as a Watermarked PDF!

FLASH! Card!! Study!!! All the Words in the Greek New Testament Occurring More than 10 times!

For an online flashcard study of all the New Testament words occurring more than 10 times per Bruce Metzger’s Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek frequency lists (supported with words noted by Sake Kubo from his Reader’s Lexicon of the Greek New Testament >50x word usage appendix), click here. Each Greek vocabulary word occurs not only on the front of the vocabulary card, but also on the back of the card—with the definition immediately under it. In this way, you are associating the original Greek word with its definition, so that, when you turn the card over to the front side—even though the “answer” is not really there—after repetitive viewings you will actually “see” the definition under the Greek word on the front side of the card as well!  Some cards also include a “third side” clue to the word’s meaning (see screen shot example below).

Here’s a visual example—via screen shots—of what you’ll find once you’re on the “Cram.com” (formerly “Flashcard Exchange.com”) site.

1) Word frequency categories listing —


2) Word frequency group selected —


3) Features & Navigation —


4)  Sample Vocabulary Card (Front) —


5)  Sample Vocabulary Card “Third Side” Definition Clue —


6) Sample Vocabulary Card (Back) showing Greek word coupled with its English definition —

Go to: Wermuth’s GREEKBOOK.com

Wermuth’s GREEKBOOK Now Available for Purchase as a Watermarked PDF!

ALL the Vocabulary Words Found in the Greek New Testament (Alpha-Numeric by >10x Frequency PDF & On-Line Flashcards)

Here’s a viewable, downloadable PDF comprehensive alpha-numeric lexical listing of all of the vocabulary used (10x+) in the N.T. (1,067 words) as found in Bruce Metzger’s Lexical Aids. I created this “numbered” listing to allow for organized “bookkeeping” when students are attempting to track the vocabulary they have encountered within a given Greek grammar and have made (or need to make) vocabulary cards for. The list also shows how many words are encountered within a given frequency of occurrence (info that Metzger omits from his book). If a student only “numbered” his vocab cards, the number itself would reveal the relative “importance” of the word (re: its frequency of use in the N.T.). The lower the number, the more frequently the word is used; the higher the number, the less frequent. I tend to think, too, that it’s the middle range of words (20-30x or so) that need the most concentration, since we see them not so often as to know them “inherently,” but often enough to warrant knowledge of them, particularly if they have strong theological importance. Click here for an online flashcard study of all the New Testament words occurring more than 10 times per Metzger’s frequency lists coupled with words noted by Sake Kubo in his Reader’s Lexicon of the Greek New Testament >50x word usage list

Go to: Wermuth’s GREEKBOOK.com

Wermuth’s GREEKBOOK Now Available for Purchase as a Watermarked PDF!